![]() Scaffolds that fall under the first category include adnectins, anticalins, avimers, Fynomers, Kunitz domains, and knottins, while those belonging to the second category include affibodies, β-hairpin mimetics, and designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). Based on the location of the amino acids that mediate ligand binding, we place all the protein scaffolds under clinical development into two general categories: scaffolds with ligand-binding residues located in exposed flexible loops, and those with the binding residues located in protein secondary structures, such as α-helices. Although not all are expected to be approved, the significant benefits ensure that these molecules will continue to be investigated and developed as therapeutic alternatives to antibodies. This review focuses on protein scaffolds that are either already being used in humans or are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. New binding protein scaffolds are constantly being designed or discovered with some already approved for human use by the FDA. Therefore, non-antibody binding proteins have long been sought after as alternative therapies. Unfortunately, antibodies are also limited in several respects, chief amongst those being the extremely high cost of manufacture. Engineered protein scaffolds have been becoming invaluable tools for a vast range of biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.ĭevised to expand the range of applications of specific protein scaffolds, Creative Biolabs has developed trimer codon mutant library construction technology, which offers 100% precise mutant library construction with the expected size of ≥10 10.Antibodies have proved to be a valuable mode of therapy for numerous diseases, mainly owing to their high target binding affinity and specificity. Besides that, the scaffold concept has even been adopted for the construction of enzymes. ![]() Hence, among others, single domains of antibodies or of the immunoglobulin superfamily, protease inhibitors, helix-bundle proteins and disulphide-knotted peptides were investigated. Properties like small size of the receptor protein, stability and ease of production were the focus of this work. After the application of antibody engineering methods along with library techniques had resulted in first successes in the selection of functional antibody fragments, several laboratories began to exploit other types of protein architectures for the construction of practically useful binding proteins. The modular structure of protein scaffolds and their favorable biophysical & chemical properties do not only allow the binding of a diverse set of targets in a specific manner and with high affinity, but also suggest the utilization of the rigid protein framework for generic engineering concepts, for example, for intracellular applications. Possibilities of engineered protein scaffolds have been explored in research, diagnostics and therapy in the last few years. The advent of all protein scaffolds brings the driving force to the protein engineering process. We have developed trimer codon technology, which offers site directed mutant library construction in a high throughput and extremely precise way. Our service has provided a strong foundation for the successful isolation and exploitation of high-affinity binders in the fields of research, diagnosis, and therapy. The Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Nucleoprotein (NP) ELISA KitĬreative Biolabs has provided over than 500 engineered protein scaffold library construction services to our clients, and we are now capable in providing over than 100 services per year.The Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) IgG/IgM Detection Kit ( CE-conform) (Colloidal Gold Method). ![]() The Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Fluorescent RT-PCR Detection Kit.Detection Kits for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
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